For color only, use a pinch of turmeric (1/8 tsp per cup of liquid) or safflower petals (½ tsp). For flavor, there is no true substitute. If saffron is the star of the dish, wait until you have it.
Color-only substitutes
- Turmeric: Strong yellow, earthy flavor. Use sparingly.
- Safflower petals: Honest color, no flavor.
- Annatto seeds: Orange color. Used in Latin cuisine.
Flavor-only substitutes
None really. Saffron's flavor is unique. The closest cousin in aroma is dried osmanthus — but it's not interchangeable.
When to skip the substitute
Paella, risotto Milanese, biryani, kheer. These dishes were built around saffron. Make a different dish and save the saffron substitution for something simpler.